This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. Portugal imported armor and munitions, fine clothes, and several manufactured products from Flanders and Italy. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. It began with the Vikings' brief stint . They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. explored isthmus of panama. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. 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This compass showed from four to eight directions. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. Which type of automated bidding strategy is Target CPA? Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. When Corts explored central Mexico, he encountered a region simmering with native conflict. Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. This creation of a trading post empire tapped into the existing slave trade among Africans with the Portuguese fully participating and expanding the trade beyond African borders. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . Henry the Navigator. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? These lands comprised most of the Americas. The 15th and 16th centuries have often been labeled the age of exploration, discovery, and expansion. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. The explorers also gained new foods like corn and pineapple. 27 chapters | European countries started to think about forming empires, spreading Christianity, and ruling the world. Open Document. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Hispaniola is a marvel. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. The Portuguese led the way as explorers sponsored by Prince Henry the Navigator sailed down the coast of Africa, establishing a profitable trade in gold and slaves. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Menu and widgets This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. This button displays the currently selected search type. succeed. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. 1015 Words. Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. 201-202. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. Set in the Wizarding World universe, this game finally lets you explore the castle of Hogwarts and the surrounding area with near-limitless freedom. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? Like Corts, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. Essay Sample. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". The Portuguese took the lead. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. As early as 1341, Portuguese sailors had made. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. 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The Spanish were also the first in the New World. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Q. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. However, the reality is far more complex. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. Cortes formally claimed Mexican land for the Spanish crown in 1519. Payroll Services Expert, Novartis, Prague, Czech Republic 20+ Billion Cash Disbursements, 600k + payments through more than 400 Bank Accounts and countless lives impacted positively with our contributions to fulfill our noble purpose of reimagining medicineThe Payroll Services Expert supports the development of P&O processes, principles, and guidelines for a small client group, as well as . Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. . The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain.
