Francis Herons account of the Red River Flood of 1826, Bear Lake (aka Fort Grahame, Findlay River), Fort Chimo (aka Fort Good Hope, Kuujjuaq), Fort Churchill (aka Fort Prince of Wales), Fort George (aka Big River, Great River, Shayseppy, Keeshay), Fort Seaborn (aka Nelson River House, Nelson House), Fort William (aka Red River House, Red River), Grand-Lac (aka Grand Lake Victoria, Grand Lake), le-Jeremie (aka Isle de Jeremie, Jeremie's Post), Lake of Two Mountains (aka Lac des Deux Montagnes), Matawagamingue (aka Mattagami, See Matawagamingue and Michipicoten), Migiskan (aka Metchiskun, Michiskum Post), Mistassinni (aka Maison des Dorvals, Chebmonkoue), Natashkwan (aka Natashquan, Nontascouanne), Somerset House (aka Tilberry House, Marlborough House, Swan River). Email address: stjames@pc.gc.ca, May 20 to September 4, 2023 It drains a very large area that includes parts of Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Alberta, most of Manitoba, parts of North Dakota and Minnesota, and the southeastern area of Nunavut. by Jon Bradley and Sam Allison 11/22/2022. Until the early 19th century and the founding of Manitobas Red River Colony, HBC policy banned its contract employees, called servants, from settling in Ruperts Land after they stopped working for the company. James Daschuk traces this history in his award-winning book, Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life. Their children were known as "Half-breeds". This confirmation was important for the establishment of the HBCs charter, but other factors motivated CharlesIIs interest in the region. The Hudson Bay expedition of 1686 was one of the Anglo-French conflicts on Hudson Bay. James Bay (French: Baie James, Cree: Wnipekw) is a large body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. Part of the answer to this question lay in marriage, which cemented traders ties to the Indigenous communities upon whom they relied. Fort Tmiscamingue was a trading post from the 17th century in Duhamel-Ouest, Quebec, near Ville-Marie, Canada, located on the fur trade route on the east shore of Lake Timiskaming. You can support Canadian Geographic in3 ways: This story is from the The Nor'Westers traveled to the Indians to trade with them, whereas the Hudson's Bay Company insisted the Indians go to their posts on Hudson's Bay. Its the history of global capitalism, North American colonialism and the British Empire. Each man would stand up to push the oar forward and sit down to pull the stroke. The fort was rebuilt four times and continued as an important trading post up until 1952. Simpsons treatment of Indigenous women and Francess arrival to the colony marked the beginning of the end of marriage in the custom of the country. Total cost before marine shipping: $4.75 per barrel. This is a list of Hudson's Bay Company trading posts.[1]. But its a story that predates Canada, the making of which is only one small telling. To secure peace, King George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763. For some groups of related posts see Fort-Rupert for James Bay. As related in The Other Side of the Ledger, a 1970 documentary produced by Canadas National Film Board, the HBC operated some 100 stores in Indigenous communities into the 20th century. Find all the transport options for your trip from Montreal to James Bay Project right here. From desGroseilliers and Radisson onward, Hearne was one of several men whose explorations gave HBC, British and later Canadian officials invaluable knowledge on the geography of the region they were claiming and how best to exploit it. Back in London, the fur trade was making some men and a few women who held shares in the company rich. This isolated and wild bay measures 1,350 kilometers from north to south and 830 kilometers across, covering a total area of 637,000 square kilometers-and easily able to hold the whole of the UK, with room to spare. Yes, travel within Canada is currently allowed. Shop home on The Bay. The Eaglet was forced to turn back but the Nonsuch arrived in James Bay, the southern most portion of Hudson Bay, and Charles Fort was founded, named in honour of King Charles II. In the beginning, it was called the "Hudson's Bay Company." By the mid-20th century its retail outlets were known simply as "The Bay." Now, as of this August, Canada's oldest company . Canadian Geographics cartographer explores the many facets of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, one of the worlds most significant wetlands, As a way of illustrating the importance of company fur traders to the 100-year-old HBC collection, curator Amelia Fay pulls out three items donated by Julian Camsell, HBC Chief Factor for the MacKenzie District in Canadas Arctic. The sale ceased their efforts to govern the West and their claims to the region. Hudson's Bay was named after explorer Henry Hudson who first sailed the bay in 1610. Travel within Canada is: . Our Home Stretch Diner is a local favourite. In 18th-century North America, ruthless trappers and entrepreneurs fight to wrest control of the fur trade from the mighty Hudson's Bay Company. The coureurs-des-bois also had family alliances through their Native wives that made it easy for them to travel into First Nations areas. After a long and gruelling journey, accompanied by a party that included several of Matonabbees wives, the group reached their first destination, the Coppermine River, in the summer of 1771. After returning from an initial expedition to the region west of Lake Superior, in which theyd learned about the potential for a fur trade from the Sioux, des Groseilliers and Radisson presented their bounty of beaver fur to New Frances governor, Pierre de Voyer DArgenson. So, the British Colonial Office pushed shareholders to accept 300,000 for the land, which the British government loaned Canada. Rome2rio uses cookies to help personalize content and show you personalised ads. Flights from Fort McMurray to Montreal via Calgary Ave. It is located in between the arch and the waterfall near Northern Camp. By the mid-1800s, profits from the fur trade had dropped. And more info about reverse road trip from Montreal to Hudson Bay. The Fort James they are from is now called Fort Severn. While this map has limitations, it is helpful as a starting point. Travel back to 1896 when wealth was measured in fur pelts and salmon, the natural bounty bartered by the Carrier First Nations and European fur traders at Fort St. James. The vastness of Hudson Bay is barely imaginable. Fort James is a fort used by the HBC as a stronghold and spawn in the frontier. The well-known white blankets striped with green, red and yellow, introduced in 1800, were sometimes called "chief's blankets" but were officially named multi-stripe blankets. By 1744 the Hudson's Bay Company had to establish its first post in the interior at Cumberland House on the Saskatchewan River near the present Saskatchewan-Manitoba border. Then in 1867, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec confederated, creating the Dominion of Canada. Morgan's was considered to be the most upscale large-format department store chain in Canada in years past and it operated 11 stores at its peak in the Montreal and Toronto markets and was a notable . HBC controls, either entirely or with joint venture partners, approximately 40 million square feet of gross leasable area. About Fort St. James National Historic Site Culture and history History, culture, and people of historic significance. The Hudson's Bay Company built trading forts along Hudson's Bay at several river mouths where sailing ships could be anchored. And be safe on roads. But if shareholders were excited by the prospect of a seven-figure deal for their landholdings, they were less enthusiastic about the proposed deal with Canada. The history of the HBC is messy and complicated. Stay Connected to the Manitoba Government, Remembering the First World War Archives Blog, Understanding the Index to HBC Servants Contracts, HBC Northern Department servants engagement registers, HBC Register books of wills and administrations of proprietors, Red River Settlement Extracts from registers of baptisms, marriages and burials, Advance Ordering of Records from Offsite Storage, Exhibits 995 to 1000: It also ended their attempted monopoly of the fur trade. It reminds us that although Indigenous history is inseparable from Canadian history, they arent always the same. At a general meeting, a governor and committee are elected to organize fur auctions, order trade goods, hire men and arrange for shipping. It was a log fort with four bastions. Hooked on new TV show Frontier? Meanwhile in Britain, public opinion was turning against the HBC. Well before the establishment of Canada, which was never a foregone conclusion, Indigenous actors interacted with British actors as representatives of their own communities and nations. For the next 200 years almost every log house built in Canada was made this way, even by the English. This ice information is updated daily in areas of known marine activity. James is a district municipality and former fur trading post in northern central British Columbia, Canada. Phone number: In other words, the history of the Hudsons Bay Company is a global story for our global era. The consequent heavy debt load forced Hudson's Bay into financial straits in the 1980s, and it sold off its northern Canadian stores and its ventures in gas and oil. *Open all year round for self-guided walks of the historic site grounds, interpretive tours available by appointment. But the British and Canadian governments were eager to make the sale happen and keep the territory within the empire. Although Hearne was underwhelmed by what he saw, he took a moment to erect a mark, claiming the coastline for the HBC. It was the first several expeditions sent from New France against the trading outposts of the Hudson's Bay Company in the southern reaches of Hudson Bay. Just select start and finish points, or click one of suggested city couples below. This was a far cry from the millions Ramsey had proposed, but the British and Canadian governments sweetened the pot by promising the company title to some 10million acres of their choosing. Often, these unions were formed in what was known as the custom of the country. Rather than strictly following European marriage customs, the relationships incorporated the womans Indigenous culture. Hudson's discoveries laid the groundwork for Dutch. By the end of the 18th century, the practice of HBC employees marrying Indigenous women was widespread. But the company also banned employees from taking Indigenous wives or children with them. In this, the first of a four-part series, we visit the James Bay Cree Nation of Waskaganish, site of the first-ever HBC trading post. By 1795, the HBC share of the fur harvest was down to one-fifth that of the North West Company. In 1670, the company is officially declared and given access to Ruperts Land. We further acknowledge and recognize that our work reaches across all First Nations territories, Mtis Homelands and Inuit Nunangat, and for this we are grateful. The 3 point white blanket had a wide coloured stripe or bar at each end, and was popular with First Nations people because they were warm and gave excellent camouflage in winter. The photo archives, maintained by senior archivist Debra Moore, is a treasure trove documenting the business activities of the HBC: life in northern communities, the evolution of trading posts, retail in the 20th century, and everything in . Closed in 1952. The company built posts, staffed by English officials and mostly Scottish traders, along rivers that connected to Hudson Bay. By proceeding, you accept the use of cookies in accordance with our, Fly from Montreal (YUL) to La Grande (YGL), Fly from Montreal St. Hubert (YHU) to La Grande (YGL), Take the bus from Montreal, PQ to Val D Or, PQ, Take the bus from Val D Or, PQ to La Grande Airport, Take the train from Montral to Senneterre, Take the bus from Senneterre, PQ to Val D Or, PQ.
