c.)progressive relaxation. b. a. 1997], evolutionary psychologists [Buss, 1995; Tooby and Cosmides, 1992] have emphasized that humans (and other animals) evolved specific cognitive abilities to deal with recurring problems faced by our ancestors (e.g., obtaining food, acquiring a mate). d.)underestimating the potential influence of biological factors on personality development. b. )Asperger syndrome Incorrect. )"It works better on males than on females." b. genetic mutations. a. c.)seek healthy-looking mates. )active listening. Compared to 1960, today's culture has all of the following EXCEPT for a: Immediately you yell out "Crazy driver!" A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on A. skin color. c.)mild depression. Research suggests that the chances are __________ that Billy will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life. The process involves encoding, storing and retrieval. )latency Pain is a ubiquitous phenomenon. d.)posttraumatic stress disorder, In one study (Seal et al., 2007) of 103,788 veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, _____ percent were diagnosed with a psychological disorder, in which the most frequent diagnosis was posttraumatic stress disorder. The prenatal development of the external male sex organs is stimulated by: Prenatal testosterone secretions exert one of their earliest influences on: A genetically female child who receives excess testosterone during prenatal growth is subsequently likely to develop, d. more aggressive behavior patterns than most girls. b. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ____________ test. )poverty, unemployment, racism, sexism, and heterosexism. b. The Subconscious is the key to mental health issues. c. You respond by saying: c.)behavioral conditioning therapy. This type of attention problem is thought to contribute to: a. a. a. Choose one of the CFO Act agencies to evaluate. c.)social control. b. a. b. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. Evolutionary psychology is most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to 4) reproductive success. 6 Psychologists who take this perspective apply the basic principles of evolution (like natural selection) to psychological phenomena. Mark is likely to be diagnosed with a type of ______ disorder. As such, evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that certain behaviors and traits are more likely to be present in individuals because they have been selected for over time due to their adaptive value in the environment in which they evolved. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that. d) behavior geneticist. d.)mood linkage. This best illustrates racial differences in, The heritability of intelligence refers to. c.)clients have no need to believe or promote that the therapy was effective. )None of these would be an explanation for why your friend yelled at you. d.)very rough guidelines for diagnosing mental disorders. d.)mania. b. Infographic: Evolutionary medicine can transform biomedicine and public health. d. B) epigenetics. Research suggests that an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve: underestimating gender differences in mate selection. Although Wendy is genetically male, she dresses in women's clothes in order to express her strong sense of identity as a female. Powered by Cognero. )avoidant personality disorder. b.)genome. c.)organic Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to: a) gender schemas. d.)light exposure therapy. )exposure, desensitization, and relaxation. Although the cause of antisocial personality disorder is unclear, some people do appear to have a genetic vulnerability. a. He also wants a new cap, shirt, and sweater to match his father's. b. a. Because Marla is the first girl in her fourth-grade class to sexually mature, she is sometimes teased and rejected by her classmates. D. gender typing. )the motivation to fulfill one's potential. )more people are biologically predisposed to fear guns than to fear snakes. b. In a group discussion, women are ________ likely than men to express support for others' opinions. )do not increase; increase )bipolar disorder. d.)client-centered. Material from the introduction and chapters 1, 4, and 5 has been taken from the following essays by Marcus Nordlund: "Theorising Early Modern Jealousy: A Biocultural Perspective on Shake-speare's Othello," Studia Neophilologica 74, no. d. )hindsight bias f. Given that AAA has occurred, what is the probability that B4B_4B4 occurs? b. Evolutionary psychology Charles Darwin was the first scientist to point out that our common responses to certain emotionally charged situations, like our hair standing on end when we are frightened, are responses that probably evolved hundreds of millions of years ago in our early animal ancestors. c. a.)2:3. b. a. a. Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. a. b. a.)phobia. c. d d.)Freud; Elvis, b. )are at decreased risk for antisocial behavior. The question of the extent to which evolution can be directed consciously has, however, recently come to the fore of non-Marxist evolutionary theory as well, as in . Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by the opinions of others display: a. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n): Her judgment best illustrates: a. )personality traits. It is an election year, and a volunteer asks if you would put a small sign in your yard. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human reproductive success Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman. The word 'evolution' may bring to mind dusty dinosaur bones, but it impacts our . Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human a. naturalistic observation. B. sexual anatomy. )sexual conflicts during the adolescent years b. b. a. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human. d.)traits. a. )panic disorder. b. The moment she walks into your house you start smiling, even before she says something funny. In psychoanalysis, transference refers to the: reticular formation. Babies are born with personalities that are relatively stable throughout their lives. c.)schizophrenia patients suffer from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin. In this case, the heritability would be closest to. d.)dysfunctional, d.)All these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. Her therapist suggests that her depression results from this self-blame, rather than blame of the slumping economy. Dr. A 3-month-old baby girl is always cheerful, relaxed, and predictable in terms of sleeping and eating. )borderline personality disorder. a. c.)generalized anxiety disorder. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder, while Rana's is not? b. a.)schizophrenia. c.)objective scoring; subjective scoring )slowly over a period of years. d.)evolution. )developmental psychology )increasing Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. a. d.)do all of these things. overestimating cultural differences in human sexual behaviors. c.)73 )antisocial )gender typing. )cultural practices. d.)erotic plasticity. )binge eating an purging by self-induced vomitting, Patricia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in those with: b. humanistic psychologists a historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential. c.)are genetically predisposed. The old dogma has always been that the most complex aspects of human emotions are driven by culture; Germans and English are thought to be straight-laced whereas Italians and Indians are effusive. a. Consider the following joint probability table. It has been suggested that men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because they are naturally attracted to female features associated with youthful fertility. b. d. b. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder: a. )A young woman marries a successful middle-aged man. He has a very difficult time reading the facial expressions of others and reading the state of mind of those who talk to him. )double helix. shyness; social group. c.)have increased autonomic nervous system arousal when awaiting aversive events. c. As Kevin matures, he will probably develop a, d. higher level of intelligence than that of his biological father. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n) )a dissociation. Identifying the specific genes that contribute to alcoholism would be of most direct interest to: The impact of genes on observable traits can vary in different environments. a. c.)8 b. c.)Amy effectively cope with a seasonal pattern for major depressive disorder. The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of: forties. c.)Wilhelm Wundt; Elvis b. )becoming so absorbed in reading a book that we don't hear the telephone ring Amanda blames herself for her recent job loss. )the phallic d.)disorganized thinking. b. )obsessive-compulsive disorder d.)the placebo effect. d.)a larger number of synapses. )the motivation to fulfill one's potential. d.)attitudes toward responsibility. d.)dissociation. This ____________ will likely influence Cynthia to act negatively toward her neighbor. left-handers live longer than right-handers. Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. b. a. b. a. The current meta-analysis examined 41 studies drawn primarily from North America and Europe and published between 1978 to 2020. )A young woman marries her high school sweetheart. b. Nov. 1. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of. b. Key Words: Notes: 4. The personal strength that enables people to cope with stress and recover from adversity is called: but when his son has a fistfight he says, "Did you win?!" a. )people often enter therapy in crisis, and these crises often pass without professional help. b. If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. )anorexia nervosa. Monogamy (/ m n m i / m-NOG--mee) is a form of dyadic relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime. A baby girl receives a(n) ________ chromosome from her ________. a. C 5. To match revenues and expenses properly, should the expense for employee vacation pay be recorded in the period during which the vacation privilege was earned or during the period in which the vacation is taken? a. d.)"According to a National Research Council report, the popularity of this test says it is. hippocampus Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for )there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. c.)Employed men spend about an hour and a half more per day working than do employed women. c.)obsessive compulsive disorder. This study investigated singles' similarity preferences concerning their ideal partner's personality traits, physical attractiveness, and social resources, as well as potential moderators (fear of being single and mate value) and mediators (forecasted satisfaction). a. Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviours reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce. hemispherectomy. You agree. d.)confirmation bias. A. b. personal happiness. d.)Italy, Which of the following is the lowest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2008? Evolutionary theorists assert that gender differences in spatial abilities reflect the division of labour in ancestral hunting and gathering societies in which males typically handled the hunting and females the gathering. This compulsive overthinking is called: a. a. b. )the bystander effect. b. )negative symptoms. Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of: a. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for A) working backward to provide after-the-fact explanations of human mating preferences. failing to consider unconscious motivations. c.)chameleon effect. )the mere exposure effect. our awareness of ourselves and our environment. d.)She can make the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure. c.)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). factors that trigger us to behave aggressively towards others. the study of how men and women respond to sex hormones. b. Self-actualization is the ultimate psychological need. ______________ is a statistical procedure that can be used to identify clusters of behaviors that are related to a trait. His excess of inappropriate behavior is known as: Evolutionary psychology is most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to - 28529382 Tudily805 Tudily805 09/07/2022 a. e. c.)phallic As Daniel de Vis, a writer for The Hill, recently noted, more than 60 percent of the country's young men are single, "nearly twice . b. According to Allport, personality should be described in terms of: In front of an audience, he tends to play his violin even more beautifully than when he is alone. )25 Marilyn thinks a strict class-attendance policy is an indication of her professor's overly controlling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions (the course meets only once a week). d.)nicotine can temporarily decrease norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter overabundant in people with depression. d.)vary widely across cultures. In this paper, we analyze the findings of biology and evolutionary medicine to better understand the phenomenon of pain . )we have overestimated the impact of personal dispositions on behavior. a. b. This best illustrates: d. )major depressive disorder. c.)cooperation and social success at school. The value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is in part due to the effectiveness of b. d. heritability. d.)fundamental attribution error. a. )disruptive mood dysregulation disorder But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. b. Alternately, only one partner at any one time (serial monogamy) as compared to the various forms of non-monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory).The term is also applied to the social behavior of some animals, referring to the state of . However, monogamous relationships can also be explained using an evolutionary perspective. c.)psychoanalysis Dr. Miller is most likely a(n): )less curiosity about their environment. d.)the ego, _____________ is to the history of psychology as _____________ is to the history of rock music. Compared with many Asian and African parents, today's North American parents are more likely to teach their children to value: Compared to North American children, Chinese children are likely to exhibit ________ respect for authority and ________ shyness toward strangers. )a flat affect a. a.)self-concept. d.)conscious, b. b.)neurogenesis. Alex Murdaugh, sentenced to life in prison after conviction in double murder trial, during his sentencing at the Colleton County Courthouse in Walterboro, S.C . a. Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of: e. The psycho dynamic approach got it's start from the work of Sigmund Freud. a. Males in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves. The threadlike structures that contain genes are called. d.)social facilitation. )persistent depressive disorder. b. d.)learned helplessness. Evolutionary psychology maintains that sex differences develop biologically as people adapt to changes in the environment. d.)groupthink. b. b. a.)individualism. d.)schemas. )have hindered human reproduction. Thomas' behavior illustrates: Six-year-old Tommy wants his hair cut and combed like his father's. c.)moral instinct )"objectivity does not guarantee validity", You are an expert witness for the defense results of the MMPI. c.)genuineness. This approach to treatment best illustrates: One strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy is to compare people who enter psychotherapy with a matched control group of people who do not receive psychotherapy. a. c.)psychological )foot-in-the-door phenomenon. What is this process called? Sep. 30. C) behavior genetics. d.)53, c.)She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university. After rats were housed for 60 days in enriched environments, Kolb and Whishaw (1998) report that the number of synapses grew by about: a. c.)overly permissive child-rearing practices. c.)increase; do not increase )maladaptive disorder Dr. Miller is most likely a (n): a) evolutionary psychologist. )gender-typing bias. c.)systematic desensitization. a. )Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), _____ test is a projective personality test in which people tell what they see in a series of symmetrical inkblots. Retrieve the most recent report for the agency you picked and answer the following questions. Caring for one's appearance does not depend on gender, and older people worry as much about . )attitude providing hindsight explanations for human behaviors. \end{array} )stimulus generalization. a. )flat affect. The tendency to exaggerate the impact of child-raising practices on children's personalities has been most characteristic of: )enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted. Recent brain research contradicts previously held beliefs, indicating that new neurons are actually formed in the brain. )sexual dysfunctions. Question 2. Reinforcements, like praise from caregivers, are the most powerful motivator for most children. b.)acceptance. d.)genetic predispositions have little effect on our social relationships. A basic element of all effective psychotherapies is the: d.)almost anybody will develop schizophrenia if exposed to extensive environmental stress. a. b. )Biomedical therapy )an eclectic approach. a.)rumination. The Comptroller General disclaimed an opinion on two agencies, and one only had its balance sheet audited. c.)harmony. In a disorder called _____, the person suffers from repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform. )disordered thinking. Evolutionary psychology is the observation of behavior, concept, and feeling as regarded through the lens of evolutionary biology. )\begin{array}{lr} b. c.)schizophrenia. Using the principles of natural selection, _________________ studies how behavior and the mind have evolved. )medical model. What portion of the agencys assets are composed of cash (i.e., Fund Balance with Treasury)? Dr. Miller is studying the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection. e. d. b. Discuss. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? c.)social phobia d.)our attitudes and actions clash. \text{(Hint: Interest must be accrued. Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues have developed training seminars promoting therapeutic lifestyle change. b. DNA; genes An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods: a. Cognition involves processes related to thinking, attention, memory, perception, problem-solving, knowing etc. e. e. b. c.)the foot-in-the-door phenomenon b) the X chromosome. d.)interpersonal psychotherapy. )lobotomy )medulla Evolutionary psychologists would most likely attribute Jack's motivation to, Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for, Evolutionary psychology would probably have the most difficulty accounting for, c. differences in the sexual behavior patterns of Americans and Russians, Twin studies are of most direct concern to. d.)Behavioral analysis. c.)mutation. a. b. For instance, evolutionary psychologists hypothesize that men may be more prone to casual sex because it benefits their ability to pass on genes. c.)hoarding disorder c.)physical exercise. )group polarization. Third, most versions of Marxist theory gave greater emphasis to human agency or ability consciously to shape the direction of social change than was typical of evolutionary theory. The professor's suggestion best illustrates a(n) ________ theory. d. C) underestimating gender differences in mate selection. Oct. 2. Q. thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. Several studies have mate value in evolutionary approaches suggest that sex partners. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. d.)genital, d.)is the part of the unconscious mind that reflects human evolutionary history and is common to all people. This is most likely due to: A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on A) skin color. d.)vary widely across cultures. b.)deindividuation. Prepare the appropriate journal entry for each transaction or event during 2021, as well as any adjusting entries necessary at year end. The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by: William James Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.? )nicotine can temporarily increase norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter scarce in people with depression. )genetic diversity. B) children are more likely to be valued by their biological fathers than by theirstepfathers. d.)client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema (2003) related women's higher risk of depression to what she described as their tendency to overthink and compulsively fret over problems and the causes of these problems. d.)clients never speak kindly about their therapists. Which of the following is TRUE regarding heredity? a.)asexual. Include totals for net income, comprehensive income, and retained earnings as a result of these investments. Margaret Washburn Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior? a. \hline & \boldsymbol{B}_1 & \boldsymbol{B}_2 & \boldsymbol{B}_3 & \boldsymbol{B}_4 \\ Parents should not take too much blame for the failures and shortcomings of their children because: d. parental behavior is only one of many factors that influence children's behavior, Those who inappropriately attribute children's troubling personality traits to inadequate parental nurture should be reminded of the importance of, Identical twins who have separate placentas are somewhat less similar than identical twins who share a placenta. personality; political attitudes 31. a. c.)the bystander effect. b. b. )Karen Horney; John Lennon c.)are genetically predisposed. )stimulus generalization. )posttraumatic stress disorder b.)resistance. c.)inappropriate emotions. d.)less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion. Jonah has schizophrenia. c.)group polarization. )posttraumatic stress disorder. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that A) more people are biologically predisposed to fear guns than to fear snakes. )oral a.)serotonin. )illustrate neural plasticity. food preferences. )repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). X-ray. Critics of evolutionary psychology are particularly likely to emphasize that gender differences in mate preferences can also be byproducts of: b. )generalized anxiety disorder As group leaders, women are ________ likely than men to promote a democratic leadership style. )The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) a. c.)self-actualization. b. d)bisexual. b. c.)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This disorder is called: No investments were held by Ornamental on December 31, 2020. b. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. a. IQ scores can change drastically (more than one standard deviation) after children are provided enriched environments. )aggressive instinct The underlying assumption is that a demanding situation results in psychological distress and strain when decision latitude and control over characteristics of the situation are insufficient (e.g., Karasek et al. However, it also raises the question of how an omnipotent and morally perfect God can allow so much pain and suffering in the world. This best illustrates the process of: The importance of rewards and punishments in gender-typing is emphasized by ________ theory. c.)a smaller cerebral cortex. John is most likely suffering from a(n): c.)behavioral consistency. c. cultural diversity. )gives rise to two personality types, the introvert and the extravert. d.)persistent depressive disorder. a. a. d.)attribution theory, b. b. d.)automatically taking our usual exit off the highway because we are so preoccupied by our thoughts that we forget about our plans to go to a different destination. c.)foot-in-the-door phenomenon. b. c.)reaction formation. a.)transference. )30 percent. d.)ADHD, b. b. )self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events. d.)extraversion. a. a.)transference. Although EP has yielded many theoretical advances and empirical discoveries, it has provoked resistance from some scholars in the social sciences ( Confer et al., 2010; Laland and Brown, 2011 ). a. The threadlike structures that contain genes are called Identical twins separated at birth and raised in completely different cultures would be most likely to have similar: We are likely to ________ the personality similarities among children in the same family and we are likely to ________ the personality similarities between parents and their children, At the age of 3 months, Kevin is removed from the home of his abusive biological parents and placed with adoptive parents who provide a happy, stable environment. Significant dieting with significant weight loss of more than 15 percent of one's normal body weight is common in individuals with: His absence of appropriate behavior is known as: d.)linkage analysis. )bipolar disorder. active or inactive. "Evolutionary psychology and its causal mechanisms," he said, "are more fundamental than other branches of psychology and their causal explanations, which mostly deal with whole human beings." To reject evolutionary psychology is to reject broader reality; an outright rejection of biological and evolved realities is occurring.
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